The Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Emile Durkheim

Modernity has impacted many areas of day to day life in the 20th century, from the way that society interacts with each other in the form of technology to the use of language and even the way that members of society are expected to live their lives, with there being less of a balance between work and leisure time in the modern area than ever before. This essay will look at what has lead today’s society to be where it currently is while analyzing the work of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Clear history of theorists (3-4 lines) Marx Durkheim. The Communist Manifesto,† published the following year. In it, the two philosophers depicted all of history as a series of class struggles (historical materialism), in this Marx predicted that the upcoming proletarian revolution would sweep aside the capitalist system for good, making the workingmen the new ruling class of the world. Karl Marx was one of sociology greatest thinkers and philosophers, one of his most famous pieces of work was das kapitial which has been linked heavily as a first part of the volume for the working class, although Marx did not live to see his ideas on communism happen. however, his writings did go on to form the base of modern communism (bbc history), Emile Durkheim on the other hand has often been called one of the founding fathers of sociology, his history of work includes that of the division of labor in society in which he first introduced the term â€Å"anomie† Outline key features of modernization theyShow MoreRelatedThe Significance for Economic Anthropology of the Work of Marx and Durkheim1557 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic anthropology of the work of Marx and Durkheim? Introduction The works of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim have proved that they were indeed the finding fathers of modern social theory during the late 19th to the early 20th century. 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This paper will discuss how supplemental readings #4 Emile Durkheim- The Rules of Sociological Method, #14 Karl Marx- The Communist Manifesto, #16 Max Weber- Economy and Society #20 M. Foucault- Docile Bodies from Discipline and Punish all contribute to a true meaning understanding of power and institutions control/ domination. The key components that deals with power, and institutions control/ domination areRead MoreMarx And Durkheim s Views On Sociology1090 Words   |  5 PagesMarx and Durkheim are two of the most important figures in sociology. You hear their names in all branches of sociology. These historical sociologists shaped the s ocial structure in the modern world and are well known and still talked about today. Let’s take a glimpse at each of them. Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist; he is the founding figure in the sociology world and is also known as the father of sociology. He made sociology a science. Here are some of his main concepts: mechanic and organic

What Does It Mean to Be an Ethical Leader Free Essays

Running Head: CRJ220 Assignment 6 CRJ220 Assignment 6 Thomas Seagle Strayer University What does it mean to be an ethical leader? Obviously, one first has to be sure that one is not personally engaged in unethical and corrupt behaviors. Unfortunately, in many recent examples, leaders cannot pass even this first test. In addition, one has to take responsibility for the larger role responsibilities of a leader position. We will write a custom essay sample on What Does It Mean to Be an Ethical Leader? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the most distressing aspects of public scandals involving public officials is the discovery that their wrongdoing was often well known to those who should have done something about it, the topic of the â€Å"Quote and Query† box. (Pollock, J. 2010 Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice Sixth Edition) Leadership is the position or function of a leader, a person who guides or directs a group. Criminal justice professionals should develop and maintain leadership skills in their professional and personal lives because it’s what they do. To some, they are role models, but to all they are the ones who make and/or carry out the laws. Leadership involves the commitment, dedication, and risk taking attitude of the individual. Some leadership skills that they should obtain is (1) Quick thinking. This means that those working in criminal justice must be of sharp and sound mind, able to adapt to situations quickly and make snap decisions with good judgment. (2) Strong ethical sensibility. You should be ethical, act fairly and always in the best interest of the people. 3) People skills. You need to be able to communicate with others. Communication and people skills are critical in everything from directing traffic to conducting an interview to testifying in court. (4) Knowledgeable of laws. If you work in the criminal field you should be familiar and know the laws of the state and national. Especially officers, they should always be familiar with laws and how to enforce them. (5) Ability to handle stress. Most criminal justi ce jobs, even office jobs, can be emotionally and/or physically demanding. They should maintain these because it’s what can help them and others. Ethics is a system of moral principles. Ethics applies to professional responsibilities. Where do ethics play a role in criminal justice? It would be where the people working the field are not supposed to be corrupt, or dishonest, but are allowed to lie to suspects as an interrogation technique. (Weaver, G. R 2006) A virtue ethics perspective considers the law enforcement character, motivations, and intentions (something we didn’t discuss at all under the other two perspectives). According to virtue ethics, it is important that the individual intends to be a good person and exerts effort to develop him or herself as a moral agent, to associate with others who do the same, and to contribute to creating an organizational context that supports ethical behavior. (Denton 2011) Can anyone argue against the idea that if leaders are honest, ethical, and caring, there is a good chance that those who work for them will also be ethical? If administrators and/or managers are hypocritical, untruthful, and use their positions for personal gain, workers often march in these same footsteps. If the business itself is premised on misleading the consumer and perpetrating fraud to secure higher profits, why should business leaders expect that workers would behave any differently? Trautman (2008) offers the â€Å"Corruption Continuum,† which details how organizations can become corrupt through(1) administrative indifference toward integrity, (2) ignoring obvious ethical problems, and creating a (3) hypocrisy and fear dominated culture, all leading to (4) a survival of  Ã‚  the fittest approach by individual employees (who will commit unethical acts to protect  themselves). In any organization, there are those who will almost always make ethical choices,  those who will usually make unethical ones, and those who can be influenced one way or the other. The best course of action is to reward those in the first group and identify  those in the second group and encourage them to find other employment or at least remove them from temptation. Then organizational leaders must create an atmosphere for  the third group that encourages ethical decision making. This can be done by promoting  ethical administrators, rewarding morally courageous behavior, and providing clear and powerful organizational policies that emphasize worthwhile goals and honest means. (Pollock, J 2010 Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice Seven Edition) References Pollock, J. (2010) Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice Sixth Edition Retrieved June 3, 2012 Denton (2011) Ethics Leadership in Criminal Justice Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http://www. ppapers. com/essays/Leadership-Skills-For-The-Criminal-Justice/818941 Weaver, G. R (2006) ‘‘Virtue in Organizations: Moral Identity as a Foundation for Moral Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http://media. wiley. com/product_data/excerpt /67/ EH EP 0017 /EHEP001767-2. pdf Pollock, J (2010) Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice Seven Edition Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http://www. scribd. com/doc/63772532/Ethical-Dilemmas-and-Decisions-in-Criminal-Justice How to cite What Does It Mean to Be an Ethical Leader?, Essay examples

Identification of Continuing Professional Development

Question: Write an essay on Identification of Continuing Professional Development. Answer: I was a Reservoir engineer based in Aberdeen, with 10 years experience in various aspects of reservoir and petroleum engineering. I have competencies in expertise in EP Field Development Planning, Production Optimisation, Reservoir Management, Simulation, Performance and Production forecasting, Reservoir Model Building and Development, Reservoir Fluid Characterization. I moreover have experience in Classical Reservoir Engineering, Pressure Transient Analysis and Design, Uncertainty Analysis Management, and Economic Evaluation of projects. Academic Experience Masters of Science (Petroleum Engineering) from Heriot-Watt University, Institute Of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh, in the year 2009-2010 with distinction Bachelor of Engineering (Petroleum Engineering) from University Of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, in the year 2005 in Second Class Upper Division Skill profile Simulator: CMG / IMEX, ECLIPSE, VIP, NEXUS, Petroleum Expert Tools (MBAL, PROSPER and GAP) Well-test Analysis: SAPHIR, PANSYSTEM, PIE, and ECLIPSE WELLTEST 200 Miscellaneous: MS Office, MS Excel, Power Point, Visio, Outlook and Access Geo-modeling / Visualization: RMS, CoViz, PETREL PVT: Winprop and PVTP MS Office Tool: Microsoft Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Microsoft Project Programming: VBA, Perl, and XML Moreover, I am a team player with Analytical, Problem solving, and Communication and Interpersonal skills as well. Professional Certificate I had attended several trainings and courses in my professional and academia career. Some of the events are the following. Event Name Year Schlumberger Petrel Training 2015 Water Flood Principle and Practices (BP) 2014 Option Evaluation Using Top Down Reservoir Modelling (BP) 2014 Applied Reservoir Simulation (BP) 2014 Classical Reservoir Engineering (BP) 2013 Subsurface uncertainty and Risk management (SURM) 2013 Basic Water Flood Awareness (BP) 2012 Applied Reservoir Engineering (Petroskills) 2012 Integrated asset modelling (IAM) with petroleum Expert Tool Kit (PROSPER, MBAL GAP), BP 2011 Intermediate Nexus Course, Landmark, (Reservoir simulation) 2011 Reservoir Fluids and Basics of EOS, BP 2011 Fundamentals of Reservoir Surveillance, BP 2011 Integrated Reservoir Modelling, Institute of Petroleum Engineering 2010 Workshop on Uncertainty Management, Institute of Petroleum Engineering 2010 Field Development Best Practices, Institute of Petroleum Engineering 2010 Reservoir Monitoring Management in Laser Engineering 2007 Technical report Writing and Presentation Skills in Laser Engineering 2008 Working Experience From 2012 until date: BP, Aberdeen-United Kingdom I was employed as a Reservoir Engineer with Reservoir Simulation and Depletion Planning in Support of Clair phase1 Field Development job description. Some of the other responsibilities were as Economic Evaluation of infill options Develop alternative Field Development Scenarios and perform Economic Evaluation on these options. Reservoir Engineering/Simulation studies in support of infill wells (producers/injectors) Provide Reservoir Engineering input for evaluating the value of 4D seismic acquisition in Clair Phase 1. Until 2011 BP, Aberdeen-United Kingdom I was employed as an Offshore Reservoir Engineer with Daily production Optimisation of Clair field Wells. I followed other roles as Coordinate all reservoirs and well work activities that ensure optimal reservoir recovery as well as higher well productivity on the Clair field. Communicate the significance and value of reservoir management and surveillance strategy to the offshore Acquire, analyze and interprets surveillance data for reservoir and well limits. Until 2010 BP, Aberdeen-United Kingdom Post: Reservoir / Petroleum Engineer From 2008 until 2009 Laser Engineering Resources Consultants Limited / Laser Geo-science Training and Research Centre), Port Harcourt Post: Reservoir Engineer / Lecturer During 2007 to 2008 Shell Petroleum Development Company, Warri, Nigeria (Consultant Staff representing Laser Engineering Resources Consultants Limited), Port Harcourt Post: Reservoir Engineer / Consultant Well Test Analyst During 2006 to 2007 Ankor Pointe Integrated (API) Port Harcourt Post: Petroleum Engineer Declaration I declare that afore mentioned competencies and skill information are genuine and proper. I have completed Bachelors and Masters in Petroleum Engineering and I have sufficient expertises to belong to several organizations. I ensure the concerned authority that I am aware of the relevant workplace code of ethics to work with sustainability and at the same time with reliability. Name: Date: Place: Career Episode 1 1.1 Introduction Name of the Project: Alternative Field Development Options in a Water-Flood Field Duration of Project: Please Fill Project Location: Please Fill Name of the Organisation: Please Fill Role and Designation: Please Fill 1.2 Background 1.2.1 Criteria of Overall Engineering Project The primary focus of the project was to develop an alternative field option in water flood field for appropriately planning of water resource projects. The engineering project was intended to identify ways of utilization of available water for field development purposes. For successful accomplishment of the project, it required a proper application of the major skills and knowledge of reservoir and petroleum engineering technologies. The project further involved sufficient concepts of geological modelling as well as employing effective water flooding mechanisms. The initial design of the project involved estimation of different parameters based on the location and number of wells required to be drilled per injection location. Furthermore, the water flood patterns and selective injection design was utilized for determining the water flow regulators (WFRs). 1.2.2 Project Objective The primary objective of the project is to establish effective means to identify alternative field development options with advanced reservoir and petroleum engineering skills and knowledge. For this purpose, we built the field development team for undertaking the pattern establishment based on achievable measures of areal sweep efficiency. Moreover, for accomplishing the goal of the project, I collaborated with my team members to conduct a suitable drilling campaign for planning and placement of the producers and injectors. Additionally, the project essentially involved the objective of identifying and establishing alternative field development options for water flood field. The particular objectives are: To identify field development options for water flood field To study optimized ways for effective water flooding management using water flow regulators To recognize the reservoir pressure and permeability influence the water flow To estimate a proper design for field development To present the project with well-documented end results to the project supervisor 1.2.3 Criteria of my Work in Particular Area My particular area of work in this project was based on identifying the primary design and requirement specifications for executing the project in an efficient manner. For this specific purpose, I identified the undeveloped areas of the field and arranged the field water flow in a proper way. Furthermore, I reviewed and managed the water flood program with injectors and producers of water channelling following an adequate mobility ratio. In addition to that, I also significantly contributed in the process of determining the effectiveness of water flow from the injector wells and configuring the design in accordance with the requirements. 1.2.4 Individual People Associated with this Project 1.2.5 Statement of My Responsibilities In this project, the specific duties and responsibilities that I have performed are listed underneath: I identified the major project requirements for formulating the alternative water flood program I maintained all the safety and security requirements throughout the project I took the responsibility of design and placement of wells I undertook an in-depth study on reservoir management guidelines for successful accomplishment of the plan I divided the project deliverables into subtasks and assigned them into individual teammates according to their area of expertise I successfully contributed some creative ideas in the project implementation phase I took the responsibility of developing the primary budget plan of the project 1.3 Personal Engineering Activity 1.3.1 Understanding and Approach I applied my skills and knowledge particularly gained in the area of reservoir and petroleum engineering to develop the primary strategy to be followed for actualizing the project. Furthermore, I have understood the use of alternative as well as the stand by injection wells. The confinement process was to be understood to keep the injected produced water within the horizons specifications. Apart from this, the project sufficiently focused on basic alternative strategies in case injection is suspended for extended time or even the injection operation is terminated. Additionally, the injection well abandonment operations require effective plugging strategies. For avoiding any unwanted circumstances, it is important to incorporate continuous monitoring of the injection pressure. To execute the injection and monitoring operations, the key parameters are identified that also involve the use of new well diagnostics tools. Figure: Enhanced Recovery Flood Pattern 1.3.2 Claim of My Engineering Skills and Knowledge I performed all of the necessary reservoir and petroleum engineering activities to develop the water flood program and identify the appropriate pattern for the injector and producer design. I collaborated, coordinated with my fellow team members for the field development activities, including areal sweep efficiency, and organized the proper drilling campaign for planning and placement of injectors and producers. I employed advanced reservoir management and engineering approaches to monitor the overburden and horizontal stress and fracture closure pressure. I also conducted an extensive study to identify the applicable regulations, codes and standards to be adhered for the project development process. 1.3.3 Task allocation and execution I actively participated in the field development team to carry out the primary activities involved in the project. For this purpose, I coordinated with my team members and kept a constant contact with them through phone calls and emails for exchanging important information during the project development phase. Apart from that, I identified the major project deliverables and scheduled appropriate resources and time duration for each of the subtasks. I also demonstrated adequate competency in recognizing and developing a concept of the individual areas of strengths and weaknesses of each of team members and thereby contributed to assigning some tasks to the best person to perform the specific activity. 1.3.4 Identified Problems and Solution 1.3.4.1 Problems Significant problems were encountered regarding the well specifications activities. The initial state of the model before executing water flood program and in the early phase of the project initiation, the field development team faced difficulties and complexities in the process of specifying the five-spot pattern reservoir model along with the different marginal positions so as to ensure best outcomes that demonstrates the individual impact of the different parameters. 1.3.4.2 Solutions I, along with my teammates, have been successfully able to overcome the specific issues encountered during the project with the special help and guidance from our project supervisor. Apart from that, I performed some exhaustive analysis and research on the reservoir flow management methods and techniques, which in turn helped me significantly, identify the sources of problems. Thereafter, we conducted a reservoir simulation for predicting the overall vertical as well as areal extent of the injected produced water on a field scale. 1.3.5 Applied approaches to design original and creative work In this project, the phase in water flood design was performed in accordance with the codes and standards applicable. The reservoir management activities were required to follow the minimum economic and technical criteria for an appropriate water-flood design implementation. In addition to that, the surface facilities to handle the produced water for the reservoir are to adhere to a design using adequate flexibility. Similarly, for injection water requires specific surface facilities and maintains high water quality as well. The injection water treatment is focused on preventing the reservoir from being inoculated with bacteria. I specifically undertook the responsibility of performing all the major engineering and technical calculations for a successful water flood field development using a great detailed approach. More precisely, my area of activity also involved looking into different relevant literature sources for conducting a full range of geosciences and engineering studies. Figure: Possible Injection Water Sources 1.3.6 Collaboration with Team Members I have performed my duties as a reservoir engineer and maintained a consistent approach throughout the project development process. I effectively coordinated with my fellow team members in the process of developing the Gantt chart and allocating appropriate time and resources for each of the subtasks involved in the project. . Apart from that, I confidently approached our team leader, the project supervisor with any issues or confusion faced, and they have actively assisted and supported our effort throughout the process. 1.4 Summary 1.4.1 Outcomes of the Overall Project The project was successfully completed with the alternative strategies for field development adequately affecting the efficiency of the water flood program. With the accomplishment of the project, we also potentially discovered the additional reservoir methods and techniques using the newly acquired data. I personally acquired advanced practical skills in the reservoir engineering technologies to execute the major activities of field development options for water flood field. 1.4.2 Personal Contribution to the Project For successful execution of the project, I undertook significant responsibilities throughput the project life cycle, especially in project initiation and implementation phases. I identified the major requirements and estimated the primary or initial budget plan required for the project. To be more precise, I recognized the suitable injection properties as well as the confinement zone geo-mechanical properties for formulating the well specifications. Besides, I effectively coordinated and collaborated with my team members for accomplishing the project goal and objectives in a proper manner. Career Episode 2 2.1 Introduction Name of the Project: Planning of Wells for Infill Drilling Campaign on Clair Field Duration of Project: PLEASE FILL Project Location: PLEASE FILL Name of the Organisation: PLEASE FILL Role and Designation: PLEASE FILL 2.2 Background 2.2.1 Criteria of Overall Engineering Project Clair Oilfield is an offshore field potential of oil asset in Scottish territory. It is situated 75 kilometres west of Shetland with water depth of 460 ft. The filed extends to 220 square kilometres with coverage of five licence blocks. The aim of this infill campaign is to research over the selected site for recommending well construction. The well pattern will accelerate the oil recovery or check for recovery techniques. This was the project criteria as well the project description for certain objectives. The research is performed in Clair field for well planning for infill campaign. A handful numbers of major study had been conducted over the infill campaign and as per the previous results, the mature production was in deepwater from Neocene age as in Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene reservoirs. The below graph depicts the oil recovery factors in non-water flooded Neocene age reservoirs. Figure: Oil recovery factors in non-water flooded Neocene age reservoirs 2.2.2 Project objectives The project is mainly centred in the planning of well construction for oil recovery in Clair filed. The objectives were the following: To research over the site Clair field To provide overall report to the authority for infill campaign and well planning To identify the oil recovery factors in this site To manage the project with assigning tasks to the other teammates 2.2.3 Criteria of my Work in Particular Area I worked as a project manager in particular project with allocating tasks to the members levelling the resources. The Gantt chart design will be helpful to tackle the challenging work of management. The Gantt chart utilizes timeline with available slack management and hence, the scheduling was flawless. On the other hand, I had to research on the site and characteristics. Therefore, I could grasp the entire project activity with my understanding of work. In most of the cases, the deepwater reservoirs are identified as the oil resources; therefore, I had to review the site with analyzing the underwater depth. I had to identify the IOR processes to add substantial reserves in the Clair field site. 2.2.4 People associated with this Project 2.2.5 My duties statement In the project, I had several duties as well. The project deliverables were to deepwater asset characterization for reservoir properties determination, search for key causes of captured hydrocarbons, gaps in leading recoveries determination, and concepts to secure gaps. I was the project manager and team leader in the project team. I had followed the duties as follows. I had to identify the IOR processes to add substantial reserves in the Clair field site. I identified the technical issues and lack of study in IOR processes application. I moreover recommended the future RD programs that can be implemented in order to minimize the technical limitations 2.3 Personal Engineering Activity 2.3.1 Understanding and Approach The understanding of the entire project is depicted in the below diagram with two phases of activities. Figure: Stages of work in Project After approval from the concerned authority on the entire project activity, the project is advanced with the above conceptual framework. Once the approval phase is over, the project is conducted with preparing a detailed Gantt chart including all the significant activities with timeline. The activities were included as research work, IOR review, data collection from the industry expertises, oil-trapping techniques, project management planning, IOR evaluation, gap identification, advisory meeting, reporting, and sign-off. The entire project was conducted in systematic way with each activity completion. 2.3.2 Claim of my engineering skills and knowledge The site is viewed for start-up oil reservoirs and their existence in the area. The overall view is shown below. The two phases are identified with respect to the fractured oil reservoirs in Clair field. Figure: Clair Field infill campaign sit I Figure: Clair Field infill campaign sitemap The Neocene prioritized IOR concepts are identified in the following table. The table is included for identification of IOR processes. IOR Process Low High Field Count Target OOIP of the field (MMSTB) Technical Readiness level Process ranking Conventional Water Injection 4% 25% 14 10021 7 1 Seafloor Water Injection 4% 18% 18 10350 4 2 Inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Well ESP 3% 7% 13 12221 6 5 Inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Well Gas Lift 3% 7% 21 10518 6 6 Hydrocarbon Gas Injection 3% 12% 5 7096 5 7 Nitrogen Injection 3% 12% 8 7980 4 9 Low Cost Wells 4% 9% 74 29748 0 18 Table: Identified IOR processes In this activity completion, I had to apply my knowledge of reservoir simulation, well test analysis, and oil field development. The engineering knowledge was applicable with project managerial activities. 2.3.3 Task allocation and execution In this project, the bulk of task was assigned to us from the site managers. The site managers include the team members for serving one or more than one specific purposes, therefore, I had to decompose the task into several smaller activities. The smaller activities were assigned to the teammates for faster completion within time. As I was accomplished with project management knowledge, therefore, it was never an issue to me to allocate activities to the team members with assessing their individual capabilities. 2.3.4 Identified Problems and Solution 2.3.4.1 Problems The problems were identified in the project as with the project completion within time and as well with deviating from the primary scope of the project. The scope was to recommend for wells in the selected site and oil reservoirs. The problems were as follows The teammates became deviated from the primary project scope; they were involved in the analysis for field data for oil trapping mechanisms. The problem turns out to be shortage of time, as they allocated more effort to the single activity. Again, the second issue turn out to be the misunderstanding between the team members. I was the team leader however, to some extent; I was unable to resolve their issues. Final issue was to derive the technical gap analysis in this project aspect. The gap analysis was to be performed under the secondary research, however, we lacked in the data collection part. 2.3.4.2 Solutions We approached to the project advisor and supervisor for reporting about the identified issues in the project activity. They helped us for mitigating the problems. First, they conducted a counselling session in between the team members for resolving the individual issues to enhance team integrity for improvement or teamwork. They additionally restructured the project scope to minimize the scope related deviation. The technical gap analysis issue was resolved with providing relevant studies for the purpose. Their effort was outstanding and supportive in this issue scenario. 2.3.5 Applied approaches to design original and creative work In the project, the locations for fractured oil reservoirs are identified as in the figure. Figure: The reservoir location The Infill Campaign result summary is included in the location details. The phase II infill drilling campaign is conducted with reusing the slots to tie in six new wells. The rig platform should be supported with Tender Support Vessel for drilling services. Location Field type First production Water depth (m) 206/8-15 Oil Q4 / 2013 2000 206/8-1A Oil Q4 / 2014 2400 206/8-11A Oil Q4 / 2014 2500 206/13A-2 Oil Q4 / 2015 2300 Table: Infill Campaign result 2.3.6 Collaboration with Team Members Ultimately, after resolving the team issues, we felt coordination within team for improving the project work. I learnt the idea of compact teamwork and support from my practical experience in this project. I realized that their effort was effective in order to commence the project with relevant revision to the scope. They followed the scheduling process as well and the scheduling helped us to devise the project within time. 2.4 Summary 2.4.1 Outcomes of the Overall Project I had achieved experience of teamwork, team maintenance as well as Reservoir Simulation knowledge application from this project. The outcome of the project was a report depicting well construction planning infill campaign in Clair field. I utilized ECLIPSE WELLTEST 200 software for well test analysis in this context. The project was appraised from the concerned authority with admiring our effort in enormous hard work within time. I was admired as best leader in the team, serving role of project management as well as reservoir engineer. I was happy to complete the project with confidence and adaptability. My project supervisor and advisor published the project report online and presented the paper later in project Expo. 2.4.2 Personal input to the Project I worked as a team leader and project manager to the project. Therefore, my responsibility was greater rather than any of my teammate with role comparison. I managed the pressure in the project activities in order to complete the project within time and meeting all objectives. Career Episode 3 3.1 Introduction Name of the Project: Reservoir Model Build and History Matching in support of Production Forecasting Duration of Project: PLEASE FILL Project Location: PLEASE FILL Name of the Organisation: PLEASE FILL Role and Designation: PLEASE FILL 3.2 Background 3.2.1 Criteria of Overall Engineering Project The primary criterion of the overall project is to matching the production forecasting data for reservoir modelling. The reservoir model will be developed as per the simulated models in software interfaces. The quality and accuracy of uncertain production forecasting is dependent over the reservoir models in oil and gas production organizations. The two principle approaches of production forecast were on the stochastic and probabilistic. The probabilistic decisions were considered in the criteria of the project. The oil reservoir model should be according to the production forecasting prior to the model building. The project criteria was somewhat complex for relating with the uncertainty and reality. 3.2.2 Project objectives The project objectives were the following as regarding to the project deliverables. The objectives were approved from the concerned authority and then we could continue with it. Otherwise, the project may turn out to be a disaster afterwards. To gather the geophysical information about the geometry of the reservoir To collect data about the well-log with measurement within the well-bore To reduce uncertainty in reservoir modelling with production forecasting To identify the parameters that can be utilized to increase the multiple point statistics 3.2.3 Criteria of my Work in Particular Area My work in this project was as a project manager in particular project with allocating tasks to the members levelling the resources. On the other hand, I had to research about the production forecasting process. The Gantt chart design will be helpful to tackle the challenging work of management. The Gantt chart utilizes timeline with available slack management and hence, the scheduling was flawless. Therefore, I could grasp the entire project activity with my understanding of work. In most of the cases, the reservoir modelling is implemented with all aspects of production facility. 3.2.4 People associated with this Project Img 10 3.2.5 My duty statement In the project, I had several duties as well. The project deliverables were to deepwater asset characterization for reservoir properties determination, search for key causes of captured hydrocarbons, gaps in leading recoveries determination, and concepts to secure gaps. I was the project manager and team leader in the project team. I had followed the duties as follows. I had to gather the geophysical information about the geometry of the reservoir I had to compare collected data about the well-log with measurement within the well-bore I had to understand the uncertainty factors in reservoir modelling with production forecasting I had to identify all the parameters with teammates that can be utilized to increase the multiple point statistics 3.3 Personal Engineering Activity 3.3.1 Understanding and Approach The entire project activities are decomposed in to separate activities of nine deliverables as The project deliverables were critical in some cases as in dynamic data inclusion, history matching, defining of targets, and prediction of production, and decision management. Hence, the project deliverables were matched with the concerned authority for better guidance and help. The project guide incorporated the solution in order to mitigate the difficulties with including one separate deliverable omitting others. The new deliverable was to research the secondary studies for devising the ideas in the project. For history matching process, we took permeability of reservoir layers as low perm and high perm cases. The identified samples for the research were the customers those are interested with update their reservoir models. The update will be provided with prediction and decision management about the new production process. The proposed process will help the sample with accurate field performance data and clarifications in diverse modelling. The aim of the study was to performance evaluation, production data influence, handling the multiple objectives and history matching with uncertain estimation. The history matching is performed with the framework as below. The stochastic methods are improved with genetic algorithm analysis. The GA analysis was better in this project, as we were dealing with making certain decisions. The decision-making is entirely supported with Genetic Algorithm with considering separate solutions and their individual impact on the process. The history matching process is easier with GA analysis, and comparing several solutions. The evolutionary strategies are moreover supportive with the project aspects regarding history matching for production forecasting and reservoir modelling change management. 3.3.3 Task allocation and execution In this venture, the greater part of task was allocated to us from the site supervisors. The site supervisors incorporate the colleagues for serving one or more than one particular purposes, in this manner; I needed to disintegrate the activity into a few number of activities. The activities were allotted to the fellow team members for quicker utilization of time. As I was proficient with undertaking project leadership, along these scenarios, it was never an issue to me to allot activities to the colleagues with surveying their individual capacities. 3.3.4 Identified Problems and Solution 3.3.4.1 Problems The problems were identified in the project as with the project completion within time and as well with deviating from the primary scope of the project. The scope was to change the modelling of reservoirs with reduce uncertainty. The problems were as follows The teammates became deviated from the primary project scope; they were involved in the analysis for collect data about the well log. The problem turns out to be shortage of time, as they allocated more effort to the single activity. Again, the second issue turns out to be the misunderstanding between the team members. I was the team leader however, to some extent; I was unable to resolve their issues. Final issue was to identify the parameters that can be utilized to increase the multiple point statistics. The parameter identification was to be performed under the secondary research, however, we lacked with multiple point statistics. 3.3.4.2 Solutions We approached to the project advisor and supervisor for reporting about the identified issues in the project activity, they helped us for mitigating the problems. First, they conducted a counselling session in between the team members for resolving the individual issues to enhance team integrity for improvement or teamwork. They additionally restructured the project scope to minimize the scope related deviation. The Parameter Identification Process problems were resolved with providing relevant studies for the purpose. Their effort was outstanding and supportive in this issue scenario. 3.3.5 Applied approaches to design original and creative work The applied approach in the project was as in the researching methods. The creative work of the project was about identification of the parameters and factors. The certain parameters are identified with the production forecasting. The production forecasting is probabilistic with respect to the reservoir modelling. The entire project was innovative, as we had devised genetic algorithm for optimizing the production process in business. The project outcome was with reporting the organization. The evolutionary strategies are important with the project completion within timeline. 3.3.6 Collaboration with Team Members Eventually, in the wake of determining the group issues, we felt coordination is essential inside of group for enhancing the venture work. I learnt the thought of minimized collaboration and inefficient lack from my reasonable involvement in this venture. I understood that their teamwork was compelling with keeping in mind that the primary criterion was to begin the venture with applicable correction to the extension. They considered the planning process necessary and the management helped us to devise the venture inside timeline. 3.4 Summary 3.4.1 Outcomes of the Overall Project The outcome of the project was reservoir model building with production forecasting matching. The production forecasting process was a challenging task in the project whereas, the scenario helped me well to deal with the process. On the other I was experienced with production management process, therefore, I had to match the reservoir model specification for better outcomes. I had achieved experience of teamwork, team maintenance as well as Reservoir Simulation knowledge application from this project. The project was appraised from the concerned authority with admiring our effort in enormous hard work within time. I was admired as best leader in the team, serving role of project management as well as reservoir engineer. I was happy to complete the project with confidence and adaptability. 3.4.2 Personal input to the Project I worked as a team leader and project manager to the project. Therefore, my responsibility was greater rather than any of my teammate with role comparison. I managed the pressure in the project activities in order to complete the project within time and meeting all objectives. Professional Engineering: Summary statement Competency Element A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph number in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed PE 1: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE PE 1.1 Comprehensive, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline I had attenuated my knowledge of Petroleum Engineering in the infill projects. I had also gained experience of teamwork in projects. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.3.1 and CE 1.3.2 CE 2.3.1 and CE 2.3.3 CE 3.2.1, CE 3.3.1 and CE 3.3.2 PE1.2 Conceptual understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the engineering discipline I had technical application of software in designing of engineering modules with quality measurement and analysis. CE 1.3.1 CE 2.3.2, CE 2.3.3 and CE 2.3.4 CE 3.3.1 PE1.3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering discipline I had used every possible resource in the team. I had also assigned the tasks with suitable capability assessment. CE 1.3.1 CE 2.3.1, CE 2.3.4, CE 2.2.5 and CE 2.4.2 CE 3.3.1.1, CE 3.3.3 PE1.4 Discernment of knowledge development and research directions within the engineering discipline I had practical knowledge of the normal calculation for the data analysis in the project. CE 1.2.5, CE 1.3.1.2, CE 1.4.2 and CE 1.4.3, CE 2.3.2, CE 2.3.4 and CE 2.4.1, CE 3.3.2, CE 3.3.3 and CE 3.4.1 PE1.5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the engineering discipline. I had to undertake the project with understanding the project objectives and aim. CE 1.2.1, CE 2.2.1, CE 3.2.1, CE 1.2.2, CE 2.2.2, CE 3.2.2 PE1.6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the specific discipline It was the main criteria of being in a team and maintaining responsibilities in a team. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.3.1, CE 1.3.4, CE 1.3.2, CE 2.2.3, CE 2.3.1, CE 2.3.1.1, CE 2.3.2, CE 3.2.3, CE 3.3.1, CE 3.3.1.1 and CE 3.3.2 PE 2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY PE2.1 Application of established engineering methods to complex engineering problem solving I had the ability to use my practical knowledge in the project whereas the complex problem analysis. I had to resolve the issues with every problem understanding. CE 1.2.4, CE 1.3.1, CE 1.4.2 and CE 1.4.3 CE 2.3.3, CE 2.3.4 and CE 2.4.1, CE 2.4.2 CE 3.3.1, CE 3.3.2 and CE 3.4.2 PE2.2 Fluent application of engineering techniques, tools and resources It was the main criteria of being in a team and maintaining responsibilities in a team. CE 1.3.3, CE 1.3.2, CE 1.3.1.1 and CE 1.3.3 PE2.3 Application of systematic engineering synthesis and design processes I had the ability to use my practical knowledge in the project whereas the complex problem analysis. I had to resolve the issues with every problem understanding. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.3.1, CE 1.3.1.1 and CE 1.3.2 CE 2.3.3 and CE 2.3.4 CE 3.2.2 PE2.4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of engineering projects I had designed reservoirs as per the organization project requirements CE 1.3.1, CE 1.3.1.1, CE 1.3.1.2 and CE 1.3.2 CE 2.2.3, CE 2.3.1, CE 2.3.2 and CE 2.3.3 CE 3.3.1.1, and CE 3.3.2 PE 3: PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES PE3.1 Ethical conduct and professional Accountability I can communicate with others as well as with the companys chief authority for any meeting and discussion. I am enriched with both personal and interpersonal communication skills. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.3.3 and CE 1.4.1 CE 2.2.3, CE 2.3.5, CE 2.4.2 and CE 2.4.3 CE 3.3.3, CE 3.4 PE3.2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains I had also managed the tasks with my colleagues ability to work. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.3.3 and CE 1.4.1 CE 2.2.3, CE 2.3.5, CE 2.4.2 and CE 2.4.3 CE 3.3.3, CE 3.4 PE3.3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanor I had capacity of understanding the project as well with innovative approach of the implementation. CE 1.3, CE 1.4 and CE 1.5 CE 2.3, CE 2.4 CE 2.5 and CE 2.4.3 CE 3.2, CE 3.3 PE3.4 Professional use and management of information I understood ethical value of any project work with complete professional environment support. CE 1.2.3, CE 1.2.5, CE 1.4.2 CE 2.2.3, CE 2.2.5, CE 2.4.2 CE 3.2.3, CE 3.2.5, CE 3.4.2 PE3.5 Orderly management of self and professional conduct I had the ability to make out the teamwork as well with team leading and team collaboration. CE 1.4.3, CE 1.3.1.1 and CE 1.3.2 CE 2.4.3, CE 2.3.2, CE 2.3.3 and CE 2.3.4 CE 3.4.3, CE 3.3.1.1 and CE 3.3.2 PE3.6 Effective team membership and team leadership I had the professional ability of develop the project outcomes and all by myself. I also had several appraisements for my behaviour. CE 1.4.1, CE 1.4.3, CE 2.4.1, CE 2.4.3, CE 3.4, CE 3.4.1, CE 3.4.3 Bibliography Abdollahzadeh, A., Reynolds, A., Christie, M., Corne, D.W., Williams, G.J. and Davies, B.J., 2013. Estimation of distribution algorithms applied to history matching.SPE Journal,18(03), pp.508-517. Al-Hajeri, N. and Anthony, E., 2015, October. Tandem ESP-Packer Dumpflood Completion Application in North Kuwait Field-A Successful Alternative to Conventional Encapsulated ESP systems-Case Study. InSPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Al-Obaidy, R.T., Gringarten, A.C. and Sovetkin, V., 2014, October. Modeling of Induced Hydraulically Fractured Wells in Shale Reservoirs Using BranchedFractals. InSPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Al-Shamma, B.R., Gosselin, O., King, P., Christie, M. and Mendez, M., 2015, June. 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Operations Management Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company

Introduction In today’s business environment, effective management of primary processes is fundamentally critical for organizations to achieve the desired competitive advantage. More often than not, most primary processes within the organizational framework are directly related to the flow of goods and services (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 13). Organizations have been wound up due to problems emanating from this area, especially in the delivery of finished products and materials to end-user customers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other organizations have survived to tell the story of how this particular segment is of immense importance in operations management. It is the purpose of this essay to describe a delivery problem that rocked Cessna Aircraft Company at the turn of the millennium and evaluate how best it could have been solved using the relevant operations theory and techniques. Headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, Cessna is the largest manufacturer of small piston-powered single-engine aircrafts and business jets. Presently, the company employs over 16,000 employees, and commands a 50% share of the business jet market worldwide (Avery 2003, p.8). From its inception in 1927, Cessna Aircraft has manufactured over 191, 000 aircrafts, making it the leading general aviation aircraft manufacturer in the world (Cessna Chooses 2007). The company has manufactured over 5,400 Cessna Citation business jets, making it the largest manufacturer of business jets in the world. According to its official website, Cessna is committed to its customers and offers the best customer service backup with its 10 organization-owned Citation Service Centres that are fully equipped to meet the inspection, maintenance and service needs of its customers. In addition, the company has strategically positi oned over 400 Authorized Service Stations in 18 countries around the world to offer outstanding propeller aircraft maintenance support. The company practices an integrated supply chain management, revolving around an interrelated series of organizations, resources and processes that are concerned with the â€Å"creation and delivery of value in the form of both finished products and services to end customers and shareholders† (Purchasing.com 2000, para. 3). In this type of supply chain, all decisions that influence the design and flow of raw materials into and through an organization to achieve the desired end products are integrated. Before the integration, the organization’s major business strategies were based on traditional approaches.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problem Identification and its Relationship to Operations Practice In 2000, Cessna air craft was experiencing delivery problems due to its traditional structure in the supply, purchasing, assembly, and sourcing departments. The customer satisfaction rating had significantly dropped since Cessna could no longer honour the set product delivery dates. Indeed, statistics reveals that the organization failed to honour pledges made to customers for timely deliveries by over 35% in 1999. By this time, the organization’s production sales and inventory procedures were severely lacking (Avery 2003, p. 5). As a result, customers were asking for shorter lead times. The above problem directly emanated from the operations practice of the organization before the introduction of the integrated supply chain management discussed above. For instance, the organization’s supply side was overly bloated and lacked clear direction that could add value to the organization. Majority of the suppliers failed to deliver the requisite materials on time, making it almost impossible fo r the organization to make timely product deliveries to their customers (Avery 2003, p. 14). The traditional organizational structure also hindered efficiency and effectiveness in some core business processes such as sourcing and manufacturing of aeroplane parts. This in turn affected product lead time levels. Processes under Consideration From an operations management point of view, several business processes need to be considered to solve the delivery problem that had threatened to decimate Cessna’s customer base. The first priority would go to the organization’s assembly line since this is where most of the products are assembled. All the factors that increase the product’s cycle time within the assembly facility must be identified and put into perspective. According to Swamidass (2000), the term ‘cycle time’ is used in the management field to signify the duration of time taken by the production personnel to avail the product for onward shipment or delivery to the customer (p. 360). Product cycle time is affected by factors such as the number of production stages, in process inventory, employee orientation, nature and effectiveness of automation, among others The inventory system used by the organization also need to be put under a microscope since inefficient inventory processes often lead to delays. The push production system used by the organization caused it to carry huge amounts of inventory. This coupled with an inefficient MRP (Materials Requirements Planning) process effectively limited the company into producing products according to programmed demand rather than producing the items based on the customers’ actual needs (Avery 2003, p. 28). During the time of the delivery crisis, Cessna was utilizing obsolete metrics to measure productivity, thereby allowing considerable variations in core tasks. The process map below shows some of the fundamental core processes and some grey areas that occasioned the delay i n delivery of products to customers. Process Map of Cessna’s Assembly Line Relevant Operations Theories Techniques Some relevant operations theories and techniques need to be incorporated into the efforts made to solve the delivery problem. The Theory of Constraints (TOC), developed by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt, can be used to identify causes of the problems highlighted above and their effect on organizational performance. According to AGI (2009), the TOC process can be â€Å"†¦described via the use of three statements: what to change, what to change to, and how to cause the change† (p. 5).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In deciding what to change in the organization, this theory can be used to identify some unresolved problems or conflicts that keep the company trapped in an invariable tug-of-war or distracted from achieving its fundamental objectives. Every organization has its own core conflicts. In the same vein, organizations are known to develop policies and regulatory frameworks to deal with devastating effects that may arise due to the core conflicts. According to the theory, business managers must then challenge the logical assumptions that are seen to fuel the core conflict. This is seen as the first step towards the development of a comprehensive solution (AGI 2009, p. 5). A strategy must be formulated to resolve all the initial challenges once and for all. For the theory to be effective, the formulated strategy must include the changes to be occasioned alongside the identified solutions to the core conflict to ensure the organization is restored to its best performance. This therefore means that changes must be made in the organization’s policies, behaviours, measurements and strategic objectives. For the intervention strategy to be effective, a ll potential side-effects of the planned intervention strategy must be identified. According to AGI, the means for alleviating the side-effects must be incorporated as key elements of the strategy. It is imperative to note that reducing or alleviating the side-effects actively permits a business entity to intentionally and systematically develop winning strategies. Afterwards, a plan should be developed to facilitate the realization of the formulated strategy. This plan of action must comprehensively include what actions are to be taken, the personnel charged with the responsibility of overseeing the changes, and the time-frame. Another theory that can be used to explain the customer dissatisfaction that was occasioned by the product distribution delays is the Queuing Theory. Although the theory is mostly used in service-type operations to evaluate the shortcomings brought about by queuing, it can be used in our situation to evaluate the loss of reputation and increased customer dis satisfaction level brought about by the organization’s failure to meet delivery pledges and prolonged lead times. According to Lambrechit Vendaele (1994), the Theory of Queuing is based on the assumption that individuals endeavour to receive services from a limited number of facilities, and must therefore wait in a queue for their turn to be served. (p. 415). The theory also presupposes that a significant number of queuing challenges occurs in production and inventory management. The second assumption touches the raw nerves of what was ailing Cessna product distribution systems – huge inventory and production problems in the assembly line.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, customers were kept waiting for long durations of time for their ordered products to reach their destinations. The importance of Queuing Theory is amplified by Lambrechit Vendaele assertion that â€Å"†¦with a little understanding of how queues behave, the solution to many operations management problems becomes clear if not obvious† (p. 415). Another outstanding postulation of the Queuing Theory is that the greater the uncertainty, the higher the undesired impact of amplified clogging on inventories and lead times (Lambrechit Vendaele 1994, p. 418). This means that customers’ uncertainties on requested orders from the organization served to worsen Cessna’s delivery problem by increasing inventories and product lead times. According to the theory, customer uncertainty should be kept at a bare minimum if organizations are to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The theory also presupposes that elevated levels of capacity exploitation caus e increased congestion in the ordering process, enhanced lead times and large inventories due to customer uncertainty. Sadly, this presupposition underlines what was going on within the organization when the delivery problem was first unearthed. Apart from TOC and the Queuing Theory, Cessna’s delivery problems could have been solved using other methodologies such as TQM, Lean Production approaches and Six Sigma. According to Ross Perry (1999), TQM â€Å"†¦is the integration of all functions and processes within an organization in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services† (p. 1). TQM is centred on achieving quality based on the active participation of all members, and lays its focus on customer satisfaction and employee empowerment. At Cessna, TQM could have effectively reduced the variations in critical tasks occasioned by the organization’s use of outdated metrics to evaluate success. According to Kanji (1995), TQM can be used to minimize variation arising from every organizational process so that greater consistency of the inputs and efforts is obtained. This often translates to increased customer satisfaction, higher revenue and growth. Lean production is also an effective methodology in such circumstances since it concerns itself with elimination of waste, reduction of inventory, customer satisfaction and employee empowerment (Malloy 2008, para. 3). A large number of inventories had been cited as one of the causes of Cessna’s delivery woes. Available literature points to the fact that lean production systems have the capacity to drastically reduce inventory and variations in crucial organizational tasks. According to Black (2008), lean production â€Å"†¦ demands that we know how to get our workforce to produce exactly what is needed, in the amount needed, where it is needed.† (p. 3). It should be remembered that Cessna’s production personnel took orders on what to pro duce from the marketing department, a situation that largely contributed to the organization’s distribution and delivery woes (Avery 2003, p. 18). According to the description given above, there was a clear disconnect between customers’ needs and requirements on one hand and what was being produced in the assembly line on the other. Accordingly, lead times increased drastically and the level of customer dissatisfaction was threatening to spill over. The level of customers’ loyalty to the organization plummeted since clients could not receive their orders on time. This scenario could have been greatly assisted by lean production since the techniques facilitate the organization to produce what is needed by the customers and at the right quantities. What’s more, lean production techniques facilitate innovativeness and quality of products. Within the management realm, it is widely believed that â€Å"the key to management innovation is the pursuit of total q uality (Black 2008, p. 6). Six Sigma can be defined as a data-driven statistical technique used to achieve a near perfect quality in organizational processes. The methodology is mostly used to evaluate production and customer oriented activities (Pande 2006, p. 6). Invented by the Motorola group, the technique started as a defect reduction strategy in manufacturing process. However, the technique can now be applied to a multiplicity of business processes to achieve the same purpose. Due to its rapid growth and uptake, Six Sigma can be described as a business improvement model that directs an organization on how to understand and manage its customer obligations, align fundamental organizational processes to achieve those obligations, and facilitate fast and sustainable improvement to organizational processes. Six Sigma make use of precise data analysis to reduce variations in business processes. In Cessna’s delivery problem, the Six Sigma model could have been used to streamli ne operations in the assembly line with the aim of avoiding delays in delivery of products to customers. This technique is usually combined with other quality assurance techniques such as TQM and JIT to facilitate product cycle time and timely delivery of the assembled products to end customers. Defects in products are likely to reduce with the introduction of Six Sigma since the model basically evaluates organizational performance based on how many imperfections are likely to arise in a given product or process. The Six Sigma level allows 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). Cessna Aircraft had a problem of reputation occasioned by failure to meet its pledges for delivery. The Six Sigma model could have been effectively used to rebuild the lost reputation and recoup the lost market share (Textron Six Sigma 2009, para. 1). Indeed, Six Sigma methodology can be fundamentally used in nearly all Cessna’s critical business processes such as designing new aircrafts, enhanc ing the production and distribution processes to meet customer demand, and reducing discrepancies in product quality. Comparisons of Theories with Practice The TOC theory can be compared to what was happening on the ground at Cessna Aircraft Company. For instance, Cessna’s core conflict during the period that the delivery problem was reported was occasioned by the MRP system offering too much leverage to the marketing department at the expense of the needs and requirements of customers (Avery 2003, p. 28). Another core conflict arose from the fact that the assembly line was encountering difficulties in reducing or staying within the allowed product cycle time due to a number of varied reasons, key among them the large number of inventory and increased variations in critical tasks. These shortcomings had invariably increased lead-times and failure to honour pledges, ultimately increasing customer dissatisfaction levels. This was hurting the business. Since the primary and the underlying constraints had been identified, TOC could be used in practice to utilize the bottlenecks and challenges with the aim of increasing products lead-times, reduce operating costs, and minimize inventories. The Queuing Theory could have been combined with other management approaches such as JIT and lean production to effectively deal with the problem of large inventory that inarguably occasioned product delivery problems in the organization. According to the delivery problems highlighted in this paper, it is possible that the organization was using an approach of increasing inventory and holding immense stock for their customers to choose from. Problems arose due to the fact that customers were increasingly demanding customizable products for their aeroplanes (Avery 2003, p. 25). When JIT approach is used, the organization could have been able to minimize inventory, reduce the production lead time, and be able to respond with speed to customer requirements (Lambrechit Vendae le 1994, p. 416). Due to the need of customizable products by customers, the approach used by Cessna of satisfying customers’ requirements from the already existing stock was no longer tenable. In the light of this, the management could have combined the JIT approach with the core propositions of the Queuing Theory to come up with strategies through which customers demands for customizable products could be met within a certain time delay, kept at a minimum. Such an arrangement could have eliminated major wastes, enhanced continuous product improvement, improve customer satisfaction and occasion total quality creation. The resulting improved productivity and dependable delivery processes could be the basis for the organization’s sustainable competitive advantage. The Impact of the Delivery Problem on Customers In any organization, problems relating to operations management can be devastating if adequate remedial measures are not taken in time (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 28) . As already mentioned elsewhere in this essay, the delivery problem had negatively impacted the organization in terms of customer satisfaction and loyalty. Due to management and organizational defects emanating from the assembly line, Cessna Aircraft Company failed to honour over 35% of pledges made to customers for timely deliveries (Avery 2003, p. 5). An inefficient MRP system effectively limited the organization into producing products according to programmed demand made by the marketing department rather than producing the items based on the customers’ actual needs. This worsened the situation further as customers could not secure timely deliveries of the most needed products. In addition, an oversized inventory presented a lot of difficulties when it came to customer service, satisfaction, and timely delivery of products. Such a multiplicity of challenges has the capacity to reduce customer satisfaction levels, return rate, and loyalty, ultimately affecting the organiza tion’s revenue base (Hayes 2009, p. 36). Recommendations Areas of Improvement Various recommendations to the problem can be forwarded, especially when viewed in light of the TOC and other management techniques such as TQM and lean production. For instance, the delivery problem could have been improved through the use of just-in-time (JIT) production philosophy, largely encompassed under the auspices of lean production techniques. According to Lewis Slack (2003), JIT mainly deals with elimination of waste, reduction of inventory, involvement of all employees in the organization’s operation and adoption of continuous concepts and ideas aimed at improving organizational processes (p. 102). This approach also underscores the importance of quality, reliability and fast product cycle time. Lead-times would have been greatly reduced if the organization came up with strategies aimed at enhancing throughput time as well as product cycle time. In addition, some TQM techniques such as ‘quality at the source’ method should have been employed to lessen variability within the assembly line. This paper has revealed that the roots of the delivery problem were firmly entrenched in the assembly line. The self-inspection process that arises from the method ensures that defects are not passed from one production unit to another or from task to task (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 108). This way, Cessna would have been able to meet the pledges made to customers as considerable amount of time would be saved by using the TQM technique. Lastly, problems of long lead-times and huge inventory could have been successfully dealt with if the management had undertaken a critical analysis of key business processes based on TOC. The theory could have enabled the management to realize the issues and challenges that ganged up together to cause the delivery problem. Once identified, the management could have initiated some operational management tactics aimed at reversing th e setbacks. For instance, standard work practices should have been introduced for each unit at the assembly line. According to Clarke (2005), standardization of work processes in an assembly line is important because it helps not only to minimize organizational variation but also to distinguish employee skills that require improvement (p. 215). This process would have allowed the organization to make timely deliveries to the customers. Conclusion All in all, the importance of operations management in an organization can never be underestimated. It forms a core component of the organization by controlling and influencing the system of operations (Ross Perry 1999, p. 3). In the same vein, operational problems can prove costly to organizations if the correct prescriptions are not adhered to in the process of solving the problems. Business empires have fallen under the heavy weight of making the wrong decisions in operations management. Cessna Aircraft must have resolved the product di stribution problem and returned to profitability. But it is imperative that the correct decisions are taken to avoid any chance of problem escalation. The above stated remedies would have effectively dealt with this problem, not mentioning the fact that they would have served to rebuild customer confidence due to quality assurance. List of References AGI – Goldrat Institute 2009. The Theory of Constraints and its Thinking Processes. Web. Avery, S. 2003. Cessna Soars. Web. Black, J. R. 2008. Lean Production. Implementing a World Class System. Industrial Press Inc. ISBN: 9780831133511 Cessna Chooses China’s Shenyang Aircraft Corporation as Manufacturing Partner for Model 162 SkyCatcher 2007. Web. Clarke, C. 2005. Automotive Production Systems and Standardization: From Ford to the Case of Mercedes-Benz. Springer. ISBN: 9783790815788 Hayes, J. 2009. Customers are King: Maintaining Customer Relations and why it is Important. Create Space. ISBN: 9781440486821 Lambrechit, M., Vendaele, N. 1994. â€Å"Queuing Theory and operations Management.† Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 39(4), pp. 415-424. Web. Lewis, M., Slack, N. 2003. Operations Management: Critical Perspectives on Business Management. London: Routledge. ISBN: 97804155249249 Malloy, J. 2008. Lean Production. Web. Pande, P. 2006. The Six Sigma Leader: How top Expectations will prevail in the 21st Century. McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 9780071454097 Purchasing. 2000. Cessna Charts a Supply flight Strategy. Web. Swamidass, P. M 2000. Encyclopaedia of Production and Manufacturing Management. Springer. ISBN: 9780792386308 Textron Six Sigma 2009. Web. This assessment on Operations Management: Product Delivery Problem, Cessna Aircraft Company was written and submitted by user Shania W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Romantic Poetry Multiple Choice Essays

Romantic Poetry Multiple Choice Essays Romantic Poetry Multiple Choice Paper Romantic Poetry Multiple Choice Paper Essay Topic: Poetry the speakers questions in lines 1-2 and 9-10 suggest that the subject of the lamb is the creator of the lamb reread lines 5-8 of the chimney sweeper from songs of innocence. the author symbolizes the loss of innocence in these lines with the shaving of toms head why are the boys in Toms dream in the chimney sweeper from songs of innocence able to play on the green plain an Angel unlocks their coffins that trap them the boy says that he is alone in lines 1-4 of little boy lost because the father walks too fast for the boy to keep up the questions in lines 5-8 of the tyger suggest that the tiger is a wild and powerful force in lines 13-16 of the tyger, the descriptions of furnaces, hammers, chains, and anvils create a sense of the creators strength which phrase best expresses the boys unhappiness in lines 1-4 of the chimney sweeper from songs of experience crying weep weep compare lines 1-4 of the two poems titled chimney sweeper. what idea do both poems express some parents force their children to work what does the author show his concern for in all of the poems innocence where is the speaker at the beginning of lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey in a beautiful landscape in lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey, the speaker shows romantic poetrys interest in the commonplace by describing a cottage orchard with unripe fruit notice that semicolons interrupt the main idea in lines 114-119 of lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey. What does this stylistic element express in the sentence love that the speaker feels for his sister reread lines 155-159 of lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey. In years to come, the sister will remember the speakers love of this place because of her at what time of day dies the speaker in composed over westminster bridge see the view sunrise line 11 of westminster bridge contains inverted syntax. which is the best rewrite of this stylistic element I never saw or felt such a calm before what problem does the speaker identify in the world is too much with us people have lost their connection to nature in i wandered lonely as a cloud, the speaker finds daffodils along the edge of the lake which phrase from i wandered lonely as a cloud is a good example of the natural speech that romantic poets sometime used beside the lake, beneath the trees lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey and i wandered lonely as a cloud are similar because the speakers value a relationship with nature in rime of the ancient mariner, reread lines 31-38. the wedding guest beats his own breast because he is missing the wedding in this literary ballad, the repetition of the word ice in lines 58-60 emphasizes that the ice completely surrounds the ship the sailors are unable to speak in Part 2 because thirst dries up their mouths reread lines 162-170 and the authors margin notes to clarify the narratives plot. why does the sailors joy at the sight of a ship change to horror the ship sails despite the lack of wind or tide what has life in death won in the game of dice the mariners life what torments the mariner on the boat for a week in part 4 the stares of his dead crewmates the mariners spring of love for living things in line 284 causes the spell on the mariner to break why do the spirits say that the spirit of the land of mist and snow will continue to punish the mariner the spirit loved the bird that the mariner killed reread lines 493-495 of this ballad. the author most likely uses the strong rhyme of these lines to stress the supernatural quality of the beings the mariner says that the activity that is sweeter far to him in line 602 is praying in church with others in the second stanza of to a mouse, the speaker describes people as fellow creatures living on the earth during what time of the year does to a mouse take place early winter in lines 21-24 of to a louse, the speaker is amazed to see the louse trying to climb the very top of the bonnet where is the one place in which the speaker would expect to see a louse a ragged boys clothing the animals in both poems are causing emotions in the speakers what has happened to the statue in ozymandias the statue has fallen apart over time where are the kings works that the words on the pedastal in ozymandias command people to look upon all have been destroyed over time the regular rhythmic pattern of iambic pentameter in line 14 of ozymandias has the effect of emphasizing the unchanging stretch of sand reread lines 7-11 of ode to the west wind. what brings new hope in the section spring wind waking the earth the event in section 2 of ode to the west wind that best reflects the violence of the poems historical context is the burst of fire in a dark storm reread line 54 of ode to the west wind. the iambic rhythmic pattern in this line emphasizes the speakers actions of falling and bleeding which expression tells you that the speaker in she walks in beauty admires the womans gentleness that tender light reread the third stanza of she walks in beauty. what main idea does the stanza structure allow this sestet to emphasize the speaker admires the womans goodness what sight in nature inspires the speaker in when i have fears that I may cease to be a night sky full of stars and clouds if you paraphrase line 14 of when i have fears that I may cease to be, the result of the speakers thinking is that his thoughts about death make love and fame meaningless the gods and maidens in the first stanza of ode on a grecian urn are part of the decoration on the urn in lines 41-50 of ode on a grecian urn, the speaker stresses the immortality of the urn in lines 31-35 of ode to a nightingale, the speaker will be able to join the nightingale through writing poetry that portrays his joining the bird in stanza 6 of ode to a nightingale, the speaker thinks a good time to die would be at midnight while the nightingale sings